我們已經看到了，較高的品牌顯著性會伴隨著較多的正面品牌連結與較少的負面品牌連結，但我們還未檢視品牌連結特定的性質：這些正面與負面的連結是由什麼組合而成？品牌連結較傾向於情感性還是功能性？為了回答這些問題，我們將分享三個市場領導品牌：蘋果、百威淡啤，以及另一個口腔護理領導品牌的研究結果。
We have seen that greater brand salience is accompanied by a greater number of positive associations and fewer negative associations but have yet to examine the specific nature of these associations. What do these positive and negative associations consist of? Are brand associations emotional or more functional? To shed light on the answers to these questions, we share our findings for three market leaders: Apple, Bud Light and the market leader in an oral care category.
我們正在進入閱聽眾測量（Audience Measurement）的第五個時代。為適應瞬息萬變的媒體環境，測量方式正重新地被校準，全面理解受眾的需求也達到高峰。同時，在這個時代，比起技術上的障礙，經濟與政治更是阻礙進步的因素。
We are entering the Fifth Age of Audience Measurement. It is an age where methodologies are being re-calibrated in response to a fast-changing media environment and where the quest for total understanding of audiences is higher than it has ever been. It is also an era where politics and economics are far greater barriers to progress than technical concerns.
雖然我們總希望盡可能地充分思考、審慎做決定，但面對大量的資訊、總是不夠用的時間，加上有限的心智容量，將所有可得到的資訊納入考量並不是件實際、可行的事。取而代之，我們憑藉著片面的資訊做決定，這讓我們能迅速做出選擇，然後繼續下一個工作。
As much as we would like our decisions to be thoughtful and fully considered, the large amount of information, lack of time and our limited mental capacity make it difficult to do so. To consider all the available information would not be practical or possible. Instead, we base our decisions on singular pieces of information.
網路廣告的存在，本應是要為了消費者與廣告主的共同利益，向消費者放送他們有興趣的廣告，並且更即時、更精準地與目標族群溝通。人們應該只暴露在與他們興趣相符的廣告之下，而且是在他們最願意接收廣告的時刻。而廣告主應該會減少浪費，透過精準地瞄準受眾和個人化的訊息投放超高效率的廣告。
The promise of online advertising was to deliver more relevant, timely and targeted communications for the mutual benefit of consumers and advertisers. People would only be exposed to ads appropriate to their desires and at the moments when they were most receptive, while advertisers would cut waste and deliver hyper-efficient campaigns through laser-guided audience targeting and personalised messages.
面對它風靡市場的情勢，大一點的品牌迅速反應，收購較小的啤酒製造商，然後發行自己的「手工」產品。較小的製造商因此開始質疑，如果大品牌有能力生產「手工」啤酒，那「手工」啤酒到底是什麼？它對整個產業的意義又是什麼？Bigger brands are reacting swiftly, buying up smaller breweries and launching their own ‘craft’ products. But it’s driving smaller producers to question; if large brands have the capability to create ‘craft’ beer, what actually is ‘craft’ beer, and what does this mean for the industry as a whole?
拜倫．夏普（Byron Sharp）特別主張影響品牌成功的關鍵是市場滲透成長，而非品牌忠誠。雖然他的建議聚焦在如何讓既有品牌成長，但行銷人應該要想想，他的法則是否能應用在新產品開發上？也就是說，行銷人是否能夠利用夏普的法則發行成功的新產品？Byron Sharp asserts that it is penetration growth and not loyalty that is critical to brand success. While Sharp’s advice focuses on how to grow existing brands, marketers should be asking if his principles apply to new product development as well. In other words, can marketers use Sharp’s principles to help them launch successful innovations?
台灣許多服務業已進行多年的顧客滿意度研究，每年都會針對過去一年曾經有交易或有互動的顧客抽查數千份樣本，進行長達30分鐘的電話訪問。然而，這種傳統調查方式逐漸引發企業內部許多質疑的聲音。
Many enterprises in Taiwan have conducted years of research on customer satisfaction. Every year, thousands of customers with an interaction in the past one year are sampled to conduct an around 30-minute telephone interview. However, this kind of traditional survey method has gradually raised skeptical voices within enterprises.
即時訊息替零售業者（或品牌）與它們的消費者開啟了新的溝通管道。根據Facebook，在美妝零售業者Sephora開始透過Messenger提供預約服務後，它的店內美容預約成長11%。而Whole Foods是另一個快速跟上Messenger使用潮流的零售業者。去年夏天它發行了食譜聊天機器人，消費者只要在Facebook Messenger輸入食材或料理類型，就能夠得到主廚機器人的建議，讓消費者隨時隨地都能輕易發掘食譜。
Chat is opening up new channels of communication between retailers (or brands) and their customers. According to Facebook, after Sephora, the beauty products retailer, launched its appointment schedule service via Messenger, its in-store makeover bookings increased by 11%. Whole Foods was another retailer quick to pick up on the use of Messenger. In summer last year, it launched a recipe chatbot, where shoppers could get recommendations from a robot chef through Facebook Messenger, by texting ingredients or cuisine type, to inspire shoppers anywhere, anytime and make recipe-discovery easy.
以保費為例，因為有了科技協助，「動態保費」的時代也跟著來臨了。未來保險商品也能個人化。目前只根據性別、年齡來計算保費高低。未來透過大數據，將改變過去使用「平均值」來計算保費的方式，而是依照個人行為所產生的風險大小計算出費率之別，讓保單設計轉變成「以人計費、一人一價」。
With help of technology, the premiums may also be priced individually. In the future, it is possible that insurance products become more tailored to meet individuals. At the moment, premiums are based on gender and age. With big data, the cost of premium can be calculated by past averages associated with personal behaviors and risks. In another word, for the same policy, each of the insured pays a different fee.
