Consumer confidence up in France, Israel, and Spain; down in Latin America. The April 2019 reading of the Ipsos Global Consumer Confidence Index confirms a downward trend as it drops to 49.0. Over the past three months, the index has fallen by 0.9 point globally.
Ahead of Black Friday 2018, Tim Denison traces the history of a retail event that has evolved into a global phenomenon. But what is different now to previous years, what can retailers learn, and what shape can we expect Black Friday to take in the future?