Six Conceptions of Nationality

Across the world, and often within each country, perceptions of nationality range from very restrictive to all-inclusive. Ipsos found that various conceptions of nationality can be categorized into six types. We explore the six segments, and how they differ in key countries.

To better understand the nature and the prevalence of nativism around the world, Ipsos explored people’s views on nationality in terms of how inclusive or exclusive they are in relation to potential “outgroups”. Ipsos also sought to identify different visions of nationality, assess the prevalence of each of these visions, profile those who hold them, and test their alignment with political party preference.

Ipsos asked over 19,000 men and women across 25 countries whether they consider members of different religious groups, immigrants with different types of legal and employment status and fluency in the local language, people of different ethnicity, LGBT people, and people with a criminal history as “real” nationals of their country. Based on the answers to the survey, six clusters emerged, each with its own vision of nationality.

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